Three New Meadow Katydid Species Discovered in Jammu and Kashmir

Kashmir’s Insect Biodiversity Expands with Discovery of New Conocephalus Species

Researchers have identified three previously unknown species of meadow katydids in Jammu and Kashmir , shedding new light on the region’s rich but poorly explored insect biodiversity. The discovery follows extensive field surveys across varied habitats of the Kashmir Valley and nearby mountain ranges, overturning the long-held belief that only one species of this genus existed in the region.

Discovery Led by Aligarh Muslim University

The study was led by Muzamil Syed Shah in collaboration with entomologists from Aligarh Muslim University . The team identified three new species belonging to the genus Conocephalus , commonly known as meadow katydids or long-horned grasshoppers. The species have been named Conocephalus usmanii , Conocephalus nagariensis , and Conocephalus ganderbali , reflecting either the locations where they were discovered or notable contributions to Indian entomology.

Geography and Hidden Diversity

Earlier records suggested that Kashmir hosted only a single Conocephalus species. However, the researchers argue that the complex geography of the Western Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range has created multiple microhabitats that support far greater insect diversity. Surveys were conducted across meadows, shrubs, and deciduous forests, with adult specimens collected during daytime field expeditions in several districts.

Microscopy Confirms New Species

To confirm that the specimens represented new species, the team used Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) , which allows detailed examination of minute anatomical features. Special attention was given to the stridulatory file —a comb-like structure on male wings used to produce chirping sounds. Variations in tooth number, body proportions, and reproductive structures confirmed that these insects were distinct species rather than regional variants.

Distinct Traits and Scientific Importance

Conocephalus nagariensis , found in Budgam, shows spindle-shaped cerci and a stridulatory file with 34 teeth. Conocephalus ganderbali , discovered in Ganderbal, is smaller with 28 teeth and a distinctive V-shaped abdominal incision. Conocephalus usmanii is characterised by an elongated abdominal plate and 36 teeth. The study also recorded katydid species previously unknown in Kashmir, suggesting the region acts as a corridor for insect evolution and dispersal. Type specimens have been deposited at the Museum of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University , ensuring long-term reference for future taxonomic research.

Important Facts for Exams

• Conocephalus belongs to Order Orthoptera (grasshoppers and katydids)

• SEM is used to study fine morphological features

• Kashmir lies in the Western Himalayas , a global biodiversity hotspot

• Type specimens are preserved in museums for scientific verification