India Records Sharp Decline in TB Cases but Still Largest Contributor Globally

India has recorded a significant 21% reduction in tuberculosis (TB) incidence over the past decade, reflecting strong national efforts against one of the world’s most persistent infectious diseases. However, despite the rapid progress, India remains the global epicentre of TB , contributing nearly one-fourth of all new cases worldwide in 2024.

A Decline Faster Than Global Trends

Latest estimates show that India’s TB incidence fell from 237 per lakh population in 2015 to 187 per lakh in 2024 . This rate of decline is almost double the global average , placing India among the fastest-improving high-burden countries. Yet, the large population base and historically high prevalence continue to keep India at the top of global TB charts, accounting for 25% of newly detected cases worldwide.

Regional and Global Burden

Thirty high-burden countries collectively make up most global TB cases. India, Indonesia, the Philippines, China and Pakistan alone contribute more than 50% of new infections . The South-East Asia region remains the worst affected globally, followed by the Western Pacific and Africa.

Impact of National Interventions

India’s accelerated decline is attributed to widespread TB detection campaigns , modern molecular diagnostic tools, decentralised screening, nutritional support schemes and improved treatment follow-up. In 2024, treatment coverage reached over 92% , with 26 lakh cases diagnosed against an estimated 27 lakh infections. The number of “missing” TB cases dropped sharply from 15 lakh to under one lakh , while treatment success rose to 90% , surpassing the global average.

Ongoing Challenges

Despite strong momentum, India faces challenges linked to early diagnosis gaps, drug-resistant TB and the need for sustained funding. Continued community engagement and targeted interventions will be essential to achieve the national TB elimination goal .

Exam Points

• TB incidence dropped 21% (2015–2024) .

• India contributed 25% of global new TB cases in 2024.

• Treatment success rate: 90% (global average: 88%).

• “Missing” TB cases reduced from 15 lakh to <1 lakh .

• Major contributors globally: India, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Pakistan .

• Treatment coverage in India: 92% .