Tamil Nadu Launches Conservation Drive for Smooth-Coated Otters in Cauvery Delta

Protecting the Smooth-Coated Otter: Tamil Nadu’s New Freshwater Conservation Initiative

Tamil Nadu has launched a dedicated conservation initiative to protect the smooth-coated otter in the Cauvery Delta , addressing rising human–wildlife conflict and the rapid degradation of freshwater habitats. The programme reflects increasing concern over the declining presence of this vulnerable species in the state’s riverine ecosystems.

Ecological Importance of the Species

The smooth-coated otter ( Lutrogale perspicillata ) is the largest otter species in Asia and a vital bio-indicator of healthy wetlands. Highly social, these otters live in groups called bevvies and hunt cooperatively, helping regulate fish populations and maintain aquatic balance. In the Cauvery delta, they inhabit irrigation canals, slow-flowing tributaries, and mangrove fringes, using earthen burrows or holts along riverbanks for shelter and breeding.

Rising Human–Otter Conflict

In delta villages such as Anaikarai, otters are locally known as meenakutty due to their playful interactions near fishing nets. However, shrinking river flows, declining fish stocks, and habitat pollution have intensified competition. Otters frequently get entangled in fishing gear, leading to injuries or death, while damaged nets and lost catch create economic stress for fishing communities. Factors such as pesticide runoff, plastic pollution, and upstream dams have further reduced prey availability.

State-Led Conservation Programme

Announced during a Tamil Nadu Assembly session on endangered species protection, the initiative focuses on Thanjavur, Thiruvarur, and Cuddalore districts . The smooth-coated otter is listed as Vulnerable and enjoys the highest legal protection under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 . The project has received ₹20 lakh in administrative approval for the 2025–26 financial year .

What to Note for Exams?

• Smooth-coated otter is Asia’s largest otter species.

• Listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

• Protected under Schedule I, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 .

• Acts as a key indicator of freshwater ecosystem health.

Research and Community Engagement

Led by the forest department’s research wing, the study will use camera traps, faecal analysis, direct sightings, and environmental DNA sampling. The findings will guide habitat restoration, conflict mitigation, and community awareness programmes to ensure long-term conservation of the species.