India Tops Global Rise in Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2023-24 UNEP Report 

Context:
According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emissions Gap Report 2025 , titled “Off Target” , India recorded the highest absolute increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally during 2023–24 , adding 165 million tonnes of GHGs. Although India maintains one of the lowest per capita emissions among major economies, its total emissions growth has drawn global attention ahead of the COP30 Climate Summit in Belém, Brazil .

Key Highlights of the UNEP Report

• India: Recorded the largest absolute rise in GHG emissions in 2023–24.

• Next in line: China and Russia followed India in total emissions increase, while Indonesia saw the highest percentage growth.

• Global Outlook: The world is currently on track for a 2.8°C rise in global temperature by 2100 , far beyond the 1.5°C target under the Paris Agreement .

• G20 Performance: Emissions increased in all G20 nations except the European Union .

India’s Climate Challenges

• India missed the September 30, 2025 deadline to submit its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) under the Paris Agreement.

• The delay, coupled with the rise in emissions, may invite diplomatic pressure at COP30.

• Experts cite the “climate justice dilemma” — India’s need for economic growth versus global expectations of emission cuts.

Expert Views

• Harjeet Singh (Satat Sampada Foundation): Blamed lack of climate finance and support for developing nations.

• Anjal Prakash (ISB): Urged faster renewable deployment , coal phase-down , and methane control , backed by predictable international funding.

Exam-Oriented Facts

• Report: UNEP Emissions Gap Report 2025 – “Off Target”

• India’s Emission Rise: +165 million tonnes (2023–24)

• Global Warming Projection: 2.8°C by 2100

• Missed Deadline: NDC 3.0 (September 30, 2025)

• Event: COP30, Belém, Brazil (2025)