Rare Atlas Moth Spotted in Karnataka Highlights Western Ghats Rich Biodiversity

• A rare Atlas Moth (Attacus atlas) , one of the world’s largest moth species, has been sighted in the Karwar region of coastal Karnataka , underscoring the rich monsoon biodiversity of the Western Ghats . The species, native to tropical forests across Asia, is known to occur in India, particularly along the humid and evergreen stretches of the Western Ghats.

Sighting and Habitat

• The recent observation from coastal Karnataka fits within the Atlas Moth’s known range, which includes evergreen and semi-evergreen forests rich in host plants. Similar sightings have been reported in other Western Ghats areas, usually during the monsoon season. The moths often emerge after heavy rainfall and can be seen resting on tree trunks, walls, or shrubs .

Species Profile and Appearance

• The Atlas Moth is remarkable for its massive wingspan , typically ranging from 25 to 27 cm , with some individuals reaching nearly 30 cm . It has a striking rust-brown coloration with white and black markings. The forewing tips resemble snake heads , an adaptation believed to deter predators. Females are usually larger and heavier, while males have broader wings and are more active fliers.

Life Cycle and Behavior

• Atlas Moth caterpillars feed on the leaves of citrus, guava, and cinnamon trees, storing energy for their short adult lives. Once they pupate inside a papery cocoon , adults emerge as weak fliers with non-functional mouthparts . They do not feed and survive for only one to two weeks , focusing solely on reproduction. Males use their feathery antennae to detect female pheromones from long distances. After mating and egg-laying, adults die naturally, often falling prey to birds, ants, and wasps .

Exam-Oriented Key Facts

• Adult Atlas Moths do not feed ; they rely on energy stored during the larval stage.

• Wingspan: Typically 25–27 cm , occasionally reaching 30 cm .

• Larval host plants: Citrus, guava, cinnamon, and related species.

• Defense mechanism: Forewing tips mimic snake heads.

Habitat and Conservation Notes

The Atlas Moth thrives in warm, humid forest environments , especially along the coastal and montane forests of the Western Ghats. Monsoon months are ideal for sightings as new adults emerge. Although not globally endangered, the species faces local threats from habitat loss, pesticide use, and light pollution.

Conservation measures such as protecting native tree cover and reducing artificial lighting near forest zones can help sustain Atlas Moth populations and preserve the ecological richness of the Western Ghats.

The sighting in Karnataka serves as a reminder of the region’s vital biodiversity and the importance of continued monitoring and habitat protection.