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Meghalaya GK

December 08, 2025
Topic Detail
Statehood / Formation date 21 January 1972 
Capital city Shillong 
Area 22,429 sq. km 
Major tribes Khasi, Jaintia, Garo 
Principal languages Khasi, Jaintia (Pnar), Garo, English 
Economy base Agriculture + Horticulture + Forestry / Wood products 
Notable natural features Umiam Lake, Living Root Bridges, rivers like Umngot River, hill terrain, high rainfall 
Protected areas / Biodiversity hotspots Nokrek Biosphere Reserve / National Park, wildlife sanctuaries, rich flora/fauna 

 

Population, Language & Society

  • Population (2011 census): ~ 29.66 lakh. 

  • Main tribes / communities:

    • Khasi people

    • Jaintia people

    • Garo people
      These three tribes together constitute a large majority of the population.

  • Languages: Khasi, Pnar (Jaintia), Garo, along with English (used for official / educational purposes) are principal languages.

  • Social structure: Traditional tribal social systems; many communities follow matrilineal customs (inheritance, lineage) — especially among Khasi & Jaintia tribes.

Nature, Geography & Biodiversity

  • For its hilly terrain, Meghalaya is known for heavy rainfall , lush greenery, hills, waterfalls, caves, rivers, forests and biodiversity.

  • Famous places / natural landmarks:

    • Umiam Lake (a reservoir near Shillong)

    • Pristine rivers — e.g. Umngot River (in West Jaintia Hills / near Dawki) known for crystal-clear waters.

  • Forests & wildlife: State has several protected areas — national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, biosphere reserves. Example: Nokrek National Park / Biosphere Reserve (Garo Hills), important for biodiversity.

  • Cultural & natural uniqueness: Famous “Living Root Bridges” (root-grown bridges made by Khasi people) — a testament to traditional ecological engineering and Meghalaya’s harmony with nature.

History & Political Background

  • Earlier part of

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