World Pneumonia Day 2025

• World Pneumonia Day 2025 highlights the continuing challenge posed by pneumonia, especially for children under five and elderly adults . India remains among the most affected countries due to factors such as respiratory infections, air pollution, malnutrition, and weakened immunity. Strengthening preventive habits at the household and community levels is essential to reduce disease burden.

Role of Vaccination

• Vaccination is the strongest shield against pneumonia. Under India’s Universal Immunisation Programme, the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) protects young children from serious pneumococcal infections. Adults—particularly those above 60—are advised to receive annual influenza vaccines and adult pneumococcal doses . Ensuring timely and complete vaccination schedules significantly lowers the risk of severe illness and hospitalisation.

Reducing Air Pollution Exposure

• Air pollution, especially during winter, dramatically increases pneumonia cases. Fine particulate matter irritates the lungs, reducing their ability to fight infections. Families can limit exposure by avoiding biomass fuels and opting for clean cooking energy like LPG . Improving ventilation and using air purifiers in highly polluted regions further reduces inhalation of harmful pollutants.

Importance of Hand Hygiene

• Proper handwashing breaks the chain of transmission of respiratory viruses and bacteria. Washing hands with soap for 20 seconds before eating, after coughing or sneezing, and after touching high-contact surfaces is recommended. Building these habits in children and elders helps prevent both pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses.

Protecting High-Risk Groups

• Older adults, and individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, COPD or asthma , face higher chances of severe pneumonia. A balanced diet containing vitamin C, vitamin D and zinc boosts immunity. Recognising warning signs—rapid or difficult breathing in children, chest indrawing, persistent fever, thick cough, confusion or bluish lips in elders—is vital. Prompt medical care can prevent complications such as respiratory failure.

Key Exam Points

• Leading cause of death in children under five

• Important vaccines: PCV for children; flu + pneumococcal vaccines for adults

• Major risks: pollution, indoor smoke, poor hygiene, low immunity

• Danger signs: fast breathing, chest indrawing, confusion, bluish skin