UAE Sinks Ships to Build Artificial Reefs

• In a unique blend of marine conservation and eco-tourism , the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has deliberately scuttled three decommissioned vessels—Inchcape 1, Inchcape 2, and Inchcape 10—off its east coast to create artificial reefs . The project aims to enhance marine biodiversity, support fisheries, and attract divers, turning the region into a hub for sustainable ocean-based tourism .

How Artificial Reefs Aid Marine Recovery

• Artificial reefs offer hard surfaces and shelter where natural reefs are damaged or scarce. As steel hulls degrade, they become encrusted with corals, sponges, and algae , attracting fish and other marine life. This stimulates a food web , starting from plankton and small fish to larger predators. Artificial reefs also relieve pressure on natural reefs by redistributing diver activity to controlled, resilient zones.

The Inchcape Wrecks

• Inchcape 1 (2001): Near Al Aqah , resting at a depth of 32 metres , now home to snapper, cardinalfish, and groupers —ideal for experienced divers.

• Inchcape 2 (2002): Sunk off Khor Fakkan at 22 metres , serving as a training site with parrotfish, rays, and moray eels .

• Inchcape 10 (2003): Near Fujairah at 23 metres , larger and often visited by turtles and barracuda .

Access to these wrecks is regulated through licensed dive operators , ensuring safety, environmental protection, and minimal anchor damage.

Environmental and Economic Benefits

• Artificial reefs create sustainable livelihood opportunities for coastal communities—diving operators, guides, and equipment services. They also promote citizen science , with divers recording data on fish counts, coral cover, and water temperature . The UAE’s efforts align with Abu Dhabi’s pledge to expand nature reserves to nearly 20% , part of its national conservation strategy.

Exam Pointers

• Purpose: Marine habitat restoration and eco-tourism

• Vessels scuttled: Inchcape 1, 2, and 10

• Depths: 22–32 metres

• Risks: Pollution, habitat smothering if poorly planned

• India link: Nivati Beach undersea museum project aims at similar reef creation