India Launches BIRSA 101, Nation First Indigenous CRISPR Gene Therapy

India Launches First Indigenous Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease

India has announced a major scientific breakthrough with the launch of BIRSA 101 , the country’s first indigenous CRISPR-based gene therapy for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Named after tribal icon Birsa Munda , the therapy reinforces the nation’s growing leadership in genomic medicine and supports the broader aim of providing affordable advanced treatments for vulnerable communities.

Scientific Milestone and National Innovation

Unveiled by the Union Minister of State for Science and Technology, the therapy marks a major milestone under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. BIRSA 101 uses precise CRISPR gene-editing technology to correct the faulty gene responsible for sickling of red blood cells, offering a potentially curative approach. The intervention represents a leap forward in India’s biotechnology capability, positioning the country among global leaders in genome therapy.

Addressing Health Burden in Tribal Regions

Sickle Cell Disease disproportionately affects tribal populations across central, eastern and southern India. The condition causes episodes of severe pain, chronic anaemia, infections and organ damage. BIRSA 101 is closely aligned with the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission , aiming to reduce the disease burden through curative therapy, early screening and targeted public health outreach.

Developed by the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) , the therapy is expected to cost a fraction of the global price, where similar treatments exceed ₹20 crore. A public–private partnership with a major vaccine and biotech manufacturer will scale up production, enabling wider access. The therapy is powered by the engineered enFnCas9 CRISPR platform , now being adapted for multiple genetic disorders.

Exam-Oriented Facts

• BIRSA 101 is India’s first indigenous CRISPR gene therapy.

• Supports the National Sickle Cell Anaemia Elimination Mission .

• Based on enFnCas9 CRISPR technology developed by CSIR-IGIB.

• Expected to be far cheaper than global gene therapies costing over ₹20 crore.