India and Nepal Resume Border Talks After Gen-Z Protests Toppled Oli Government

• India and Nepal have resumed high-level border coordination talks for the first time since the Gen-Z-led protests in Nepal that resulted in the collapse of the K.P. Sharma Oli government in September 2025. The 9th Annual India–Nepal Border Coordination Meeting , held in New Delhi from November 12–14 , aims to strengthen bilateral cooperation in border management, cross-border crime prevention, and real-time intelligence exchange.

Strengthening Border Security and Coordination

• The meeting brings together the chiefs of the two countries’ border security forces — Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) from India, led by Director General Sanjay Singhal , and Armed Police Force (APF) from Nepal, headed by Inspector General Raju Aryal . This is the first in-person dialogue between both sides since November 2024, when the last meeting took place in Kathmandu.

The discussions focus on:

• Joint operations to combat human trafficking, smuggling, and illegal trade .

• Strengthening intelligence-sharing mechanisms for countering transnational threats.

• Enhancing coordinated border management and ensuring peace along the 1,751-km unfenced Indo-Nepal border .
  The SSB also guards 699 km of the India–Bhutan border , making the meeting critical for wider sub-regional security coordination.

Political Context in Nepal

• The talks follow months of political turbulence in Nepal after the Gen-Z protests , a youth-led uprising demanding governance reforms and transparency, which forced former PM Oli to resign. The new transitional government in Kathmandu is prioritising relations with India and views border cooperation as a key step toward restoring stability and trust.

Exam Pointers

• Event: 9th India–Nepal Border Coordination Meeting (Nov 12–14, 2025)

• Venue: New Delhi

• India represented by: SSB DG Sanjay Singhal

• Nepal represented by: APF IG Raju Aryal

• Border length: 1,751 km (India–Nepal), 699 km (India–Bhutan)

Strategic Outlook

Resuming the talks signals a diplomatic reset in India–Nepal relations. Both nations are working to balance security cooperation with democratic transitions in Nepal. Analysts believe the dialogue could pave the way for broader collaboration on trade, transit, and regional stability , reaffirming the deep historical, cultural, and economic ties that bind the two neighbours.