WHO Issues First Guideline on GLP-1 Drugs for Obesity Treatment

WHO Endorses GLP-1 Therapies for Obesity but Flags Access Barriers

The World Health Organization (WHO) has released its first-ever guideline recommending GLP-1 receptor agonists as part of long-term obesity treatment, reflecting a major shift in the global approach to managing one of the world’s fastest-growing health challenges. With more than one billion people now living with obesity, WHO’s guidance aims to expand scientifically validated treatment options while cautioning that access remains a critical obstacle.

New Conditional Recommendations for Long-Term Care

The guideline introduces two conditional recommendations for adults with obesity (excluding pregnant women). WHO states that GLP-1-based pharmacotherapy may be used as part of long-term management and must always be combined with a balanced diet, increased physical activity and behavioural support . The organisation reiterates that obesity is a chronic condition requiring ongoing care and that medication alone cannot address the global burden.

Scientific Evidence and Remaining Concerns

Drugs such as semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide have demonstrated substantial clinical effectiveness in achieving sustained weight reduction. However, WHO notes concerns about uncertainties related to long-term high-dose usage , cost sustainability and the preparedness of health systems to deliver such therapies at scale. Under current supply trends, less than 10% of eligible people may receive GLP-1 treatment by 2030.

Affordability, Equity and Supply Barriers

WHO identifies access disparities as the biggest challenge. High global demand, restricted manufacturing capacity and premium pricing risk creating a two-tier health system where only wealthier nations or individuals can afford treatment. The agency urges countries and manufacturers to adopt strategies such as pooled procurement , expanded production capacity and robust pricing reforms to ensure equitable distribution.

Exam Oriented Facts

• WHO released its first guideline on GLP-1 therapies for obesity in 2025 .

• Recommendations cover semaglutide, tirzepatide and liraglutide .

• Applies to adults with BMI ≥ 30 , excluding pregnant women.

• Fewer than 10% of eligible individuals may access treatment by 2030.