New Karnataka Bill Proposes Strict Penalties for Public Hate Speech

Karnataka Tables Landmark Hate Speech and Hate Crimes Prevention Bill, 2025

Karnataka has introduced an extensive legislative framework aimed at countering the rising instances of hate speech and hate-motivated offences across the state. The Karnataka Hate Speech and Hate Crimes (Prevention) Bill, 2025 lays down strong definitions, punitive measures and regulatory oversight, while attempting to reassure the public that the law focuses on speech made in public view , not private conversations.

Clear Definitions and Public Scope

The Bill categorises hate speech as any spoken, written or digitally circulated expression made in public view that has the intent to provoke hatred or disturb harmony among individuals or groups. The repeated emphasis on “public view” clarifies that private, personal exchanges remain outside the law’s purview, refining the scope to community-impacting communication.

Protected Grounds and Hate Crime Provisions

The law lists a wide range of protected characteristics—religion, caste, gender, sex, language, disability, tribe, sexual orientation, place of birth and residence. Any public expression promoting hostility based on these grounds may qualify as a hate crime. This broad inclusivity aims to address discrimination across social, cultural and identity-based categories.

Penalties, Liability and Compensation

The proposed offences are cognisable and non-bailable . First-time offenders could face 1–7 years of imprisonment and a Rs 50,000 fine , while repeat violators may be sentenced to 2–10 years along with a Rs 1,00,000 fine . Courts may award compensation to victims. Importantly, heads of organisations may also be held liable for acts committed by their entities.

Exam Oriented Facts

• Offence applies only when hate speech occurs “in public view.”

• First conviction: 1–7 years + Rs 50,000 fine .

• Offences: cognisable & non-bailable .

• Organisational leaders may be held legally responsible.

Regulatory Oversight and Content Takedowns

A Designated Officer will be empowered to direct intermediaries to block or remove hate content. Exceptions cover works related to literature, art, heritage, religion, learning or scientific inquiry, ensuring that legitimate discourse is not penalised.