The Malabar gliding frog ( Rhacophorus malabaricus ) is one of the most fascinating amphibians of the Western Ghats , known for its vibrant green body, extended toe webbing, and extraordinary breeding behaviour. Endemic to this biodiversity hotspot, the species thrives in moist, elevated canopies, where survival demands unique adaptations.

Adaptations for Life in the Canopy

The frog’s most striking feature is its ability to glide . By spreading the extensive webbing between its toes, it can leap and glide between trees, covering several metres in a single descent. This adaptation helps the frog escape predators, locate mates, and navigate its arboreal habitat efficiently. Its bright green camouflage and slim, agile body further support life high above the forest floor.

Foam Nesting: A Remarkable Breeding Technique

With the onset of the monsoon, the breeding cycle begins. The female selects a leaf or branch overhanging a pond or stream , while the male clings to her in the amplexus position. They jointly whip secretions into a white, foamy mass , forming a suspended nest roughly three inches wide. This foam nest may contain up to 200 eggs , shielded from sunlight, desiccation, and small predators.

Safe Transfer of Tadpoles to Water

After hatching, the tadpoles wriggle out of the foam and drop directly into the water below, where they begin their aquatic stage. This gravity-assisted transition ensures safety from terrestrial dangers and allows uninterrupted development until metamorphosis, when the young frogs climb back into the canopy.

Ecological Significance

As an indicator species , the Malabar gliding frog reflects the health of the Western Ghats ecosystem. Its survival depends on clean freshwater bodies and undisturbed forest cover. Habitat loss, pollution, and deforestation continue to threaten its population, making conservation efforts vital to securing the broader biodiversity of the region.

Exam Points

• Scientific name: Rhacophorus malabaricus .

• Builds suspended foam nests above water bodies.

• Nests may contain up to 200 eggs .

• Tadpoles fall from the nest directly into streams.

• Species exhibits gliding using extended toe webbing.

• Endemic to the Western Ghats , a biodiversity hotspot.

• Acts as an indicator of ecosystem health .