• Coverage: Now includes promoters, key management personnel (KMPs), shareholders holding >5% equity, entities with significant influence, and their relatives.
• Relevance: Commercial Banks, Small Finance Banks, Cooperative Banks, NBFCs, and All India Financial Institutions.
• Objective: Harmonize lending to related parties, make legacy provisions more logical, and establish a harmonized regulatory framework.

• Objective: Modify ECB regulations under FEMA (Borrowing & Lending) to tie borrowing limits to financial strength of borrower.

• WPI Inflation: 0.13% YoY (from 0.52% in August 2025)
• Causes: Increase in prices of manufactured food items, non-food items, textiles, and transport equipment

• Launched by: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman at Gandhinagar, Gujarat
• Objective: Encourage financial empowerment and accountability; ensure citizens retrieve unclaimed funds
• Guiding Principles: 3 A's – Awareness, Accessibility, Action

1. The Retail Inflation in India September 2025.

• Retail inflation: 1.54% (lowest since 8 years; decreased to 2.07% in August 2025)
• Rural inflation: 1.07% | Urban inflation: 2.04%
• Food inflation: -2.28 (fourth month of deflation in a row)
• Inflation in rural food: -2.17% urban inflation: -2.47%
• Rationale: positive base effect, decreased prices of vegetables, fruits, pulses, cereals, edible oils.
• Ministry note: Well-developed supply chains, better crop yields, and controlled distribution relieved the strains on prices.