1. Date & Purpose:

• Celebrated on the 11th of October every year.
• The day will focus on the highlighting of the challenges girls are experiencing, empowerment of these girls and the protection of their human rights.

2. 2025 Theme:

• The girl I am, the change I lead: Girls on the frontlines of crisis.
• The theme is on the identification of position and strength of girls in driving change particularly during crisis.

1. RBI Retail Sandbox of Digital Rupee (e-Rupee).

• What: On the 8th of October, 2025, it initiated a controlled testing environment (sandbox) of its Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC).
• Intent: With this, fintechs can securely experiment and develop products (apps, wallets) without impacting the primary financial system on e-Rupee.
• Background: e-Rupee retail pilot was launched in Dec 2022, and currently has a user base of around 7 million.

1. Key Development:

• Britain, Canada, Australia, and Portugal have officially announced their formal recognition of the State of Palestine.

2. Primary Motivation:

• The move is driven by frustration with the ongoing Gaza war and is intended to revive efforts towards a two-state solution as the foundation for lasting peace.

1. Award Announcement:

• The 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to László Krasznahorkai, a celebrated Hungarian novelist and screenwriter.

2. Recognition by the Swedish Academy:

• He was honored for his “compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”

1. Appointment:

• The reserve bank of India (RBI) has hired Shri Sanjay Kumar Hansda as an Executive Director (ED).
• The appointment comes into effect March 3, 2025.