With the emergence of the shadow schooling phenomenon of private tuition or coaching beyond the school day, India is witnessing a significant transformation in its education system. Another recent Comprehensive Modular Survey (CMS) by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation indicates that one out of three students is currently relying on such coaching, with urban areas on the forefront of this trend.

Shadow Schooling in India

• The Comprehensive Modular Survey (CMS) asks what proportion of Indian pupils turns to private coaching?
  • a) 1 out of 2
  • b) 1 out of 3
  • c) 1 out of 4
  • d) 1 out of 5
  • b) 1 out of 3
• How much does an average urban student spend on coaching each year (privately)?
  • a) Rs1,793
  • b) Rs2,863
  • c) Rs3,988
  • d) Rs9,950
  • c) Rs3,988

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