PFBR NEIndia Achieves Criticality at Kalpakkam: Nuclear Milestone in India

PFBR Reaches Criticality at Kalpakkam.

A significant milestone in the nuclear energy programme in India was reached with the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam becoming critical. This will initiate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction and will be an indication of development towards full power generation. It is a significant move in the development of the long-term nuclear energy policy in India.

The Knowledge of Criticality in Nuclear Reactors.

Criticality means a condition at which a nuclear reactor can sustain an active chain reaction. Every fission process generates sufficient neutrons to sustain itself. This is a necessary step prior to the commencement of electricity generation and it assists in certifying the safety and the performance of the reactors.

The main characteristics of PFBR.

PFBR is a 500 MWe indigenously developed sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. It is run by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited in the Indira Gandhi Centre of Atomic Research. It utilizes plutonium fuel as compared to the traditional reactors, and is expected to produce more fissil material than it is used, enhancing fuel efficiency.

Indian Three-Stage Nuclear Programme Role.

The reactor is the second phase of India nuclear programme which Homi Jehangir Bhabha thought of. During this phase, the plutonium that is produced in the previous reactors is utilized in fast breeder systems. This leads to the third step which is the emphasis on thorium reactors, as India has large deposits of thorium.

Exam-Focused Points

• PFBR capacity: 500 MWe
• Location: Tamil Nadu, Kalpakkam.
• Type: Sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor.
• Operator: BHAVINI
• Name: Three stage nuclear power programme.

Strategic and Energy Significance.

PFBR enhances the energy security of India by allowing it to utilize nuclear fuel efficiently and minimize the reliance on foreign uranium. It also promotes clean energy objectives and sustainability in the long run. As soon as it becomes fully developed, it will help to increase the nuclear power capacity and serve as an example of future advanced reactors.