Studies based on new coral microatolls have shown that the sea-level rise in the central Indian Ocean started decades before it was first registered. Using sea-level records dating back to the 1930s scientists have demonstrated that changes caused by warming are attacking the delicate reef ecosystems at a faster rate than anticipated.

In 2025, there was an above-average southwest monsoon in India which allowed the kharif crop to be sown, leading to significant pressure on fertiliser demand but supply shortages at the peak season.

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) through J&K State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) has embarked on a survey on cloudbursts and flash floods in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh in detail. The survey is backed by the ISRO satellite mapping aimed at finding reasons behind sudden water spikes and developing disaster-proofing options in the Himalayan area.

Unexpected closures occurred in 2025 in Spanish beaches due to the presence of large numbers of blue dragons (Glaucus atlanticus) along the Mediterranean coast. Small in size but with an explosive sting, these sea slugs are dangerous to human health, and have been causing some of these places to become restricted swimming areas.

One of the biggest decisions in the United States has restricted the power of the president to impose tariffs using the emergency powers. In a 7-4 ruling issued by the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, on 29 August 2025, the former president Donald Trump was found guilty of illegality in his tariff orders under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), 1977. According to the court, IEEPA does not give generalized power to unilateral tariffs. The court judgment, which affirms an earlier Manhattan Trade Court decision, is on hold pending appeal to the Supreme Court in October.