Overview

On 17 May 2026, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). The decision came after infections spread from eastern Congo into Uganda, including cases reported in Kampala, the Ugandan capital.

The declaration signals that the outbreak poses a serious international health threat and requires urgent global cooperation to prevent further spread.

What Is a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?

A Public Health Emergency of International Concern, commonly called PHEIC, is the highest level of warning issued by the WHO under the International Health Regulations (2005).

Such a declaration is made when:

• A disease outbreak threatens multiple countries.
• International spread of infection becomes possible.
• Coordinated global action is necessary to control the crisis.

The PHEIC mechanism helps countries strengthen surveillance, improve preparedness, and mobilise medical resources quickly.

Understanding Ebola Virus Disease

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a highly dangerous viral infection that can cause severe fever, internal bleeding, organ failure, and death. The disease spreads through direct contact with infected body fluids or contaminated materials.

Ebola was first identified in 1976 near the Ebola River in Central Africa, in areas that are now part of the Democratic Republic of Congo and South Sudan.

The present outbreak has been linked to the Bundibugyo strain of the Ebola virus, which was first detected in Uganda in 2007.

Current Situation in Congo and Uganda

The outbreak began in Ituri province in eastern DRC. Several health zones have reported infections, including:

• Bunia
• Rwampara
• Mongbwalu

By 16 May 2026, authorities had recorded:

Uganda confirmed its first Ebola cases on 15 and 16 May 2026. One infected person later died.

Why Health Authorities Are Concerned

Experts believe the outbreak is especially difficult to contain because of several regional challenges.

Cross-Border Movement

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