The intertidal zone is the moving point between ocean and land.
It is a peculiar region which is at one time covered by water, and at the other by air as the tide recedes and rises.
They serve as an inherent shield towards coastal erosion, to absorb the wave energy and stabilize the shoreline.
Carbon sequestration of India 2025.
In India the green cover has captured more carbon than it has emitted in the past decade.
However, the sequestration decreases during the extreme climate conditions like drought.
Photosynthetic processes help the Green vegetation to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and release it into the air through respiration.
Between 380 and 530 million tonnes of carbon per year are estimated by Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE).
As carbon sources, they (green vegetation) emitted 210m tonnes of carbon in a year.
Arctic boreal zone - Carbon source.
The Arctic Boreal Zone, where the treeless tundra is situated as well as the boreal forests and the wetlands spread over 26 million square kilometres, has changed tremendously.
Forty per cent of this area is now a source of carbon, taking more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than it is taking out.
It is changing its millennia-long role as a carbon sink.
The researchers indicate that the shift might have begun in the years prior to 1990.
Carbon source areas were spread over Alaska (44 per cent), northern Europe (25 per cent), Canada (19 per cent), and Siberia (13 per cent).
There has been extensive "greening of the Arctic Boreal Zone where more vegetation and longer growing seasons are observed in 49 per cent of the area.
The net carbon sink in the region is however, only 12 per cent per annum.
A carbon sink captures a greater amount of carbon in the atmosphere than it emits.
On the other hand, a carbon source emits more carbon than it takes up.
Permafrost, which is soil or rock kept at or below 0 degrees Celsius at least two years in a row, contains enormous quantities of carbon locked up in ice.
Gulf of Eilat coral reefs in Red Sea.
Scientists have found that there was a large gap in the growth of coral reefs in the