and clean water for healthy growth.
Trout farming is generally done in places above 1,500 meters altitude , while mahseer culture can be practiced at relatively lower elevations.
Modern Technologies Used in Cold Water Fisheries
Traditional methods alone cannot support growing demand. Therefore, several modern systems are being used.
Important technologies include:
Hatcheries
Hatcheries produce fish seeds under controlled conditions.
Raceways
Raceways are long channels through which water flows continuously. They provide proper oxygen supply for fish growth.
Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS)
RAS filters and reuses water. It reduces water waste and improves fish productivity.
Biofloc Technology
Biofloc technology helps maintain water quality and reduces feed costs.
Cold Chain Infrastructure
Cold chain systems help store and transport fish while maintaining quality.
These technologies increase production and improve fish health.
Present Status and Production
India's fisheries sector has shown significant growth over recent years.
During 2024–25 , India's total fish production reached around 197.75 lakh tonnes .
Cold water fisheries contribute nearly 3 percent of inland fish production .
Current cold-water fish production stands at approximately 7,000 metric tonnes .
Trout production has increased rapidly over the last decade. It has reached nearly 6,000 metric tonnes during 2024–25.
Among Indian regions:
- Jammu and Kashmir is the leading trout producer
- Himachal Pradesh follows next
- Uttarakhand also contributes significantly
This growth shows the increasing potential of the sector.
Government Initiatives for Cold Water Fisheries
The government has introduced several programs to strengthen fisheries infrastructure and increase production.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY)
Under PMMSY during 2020–26 , projects worth more than ₹5,638.76 crore were approved for cold-water states.
The scheme supports:
- Infrastructure development
- Fish production
- Employment generation
- Skill development
Fisheries and Aquaculture Infrastructure Development Fund (FIDF)
Projects worth approximately ₹7,761.78 crore were approved during 2018–26 .
Support areas include: